PCF8563　stc8051 时钟芯片读写时间测试

在本文中，我们将制作一个Arduino天气时钟，该时钟将告诉我们时间，日期和温度。

这是一个简易的网页版的翻页时钟，可以自行更改里面的内容，是源代码，html文件可直接打开，需要在浏览器打开，如果IE浏览器不行的话，就用其他的浏览器。

以Electronic Workbench 6.0 软件作为电子钟设计工作台，并以数字电子钟的设计理论作为基础，阐述如何应用Electronics Workbench 6.0软件进行数字电路的设计与仿真。 设计出的电子钟必须具备基本功能：能显示‘时’、分’、‘秒’，显示时间从00.00.00到23.59.59。

由于实际生产过程中的工艺偏差，时钟模块输出的实际频率和设计频率相差比较大，因此在测试阶段，需要对输出频率不在目标范围内的时钟模块进行修调。基于二分法相对遍历法具有快速收敛的特点，设计自动修调电路并分析了异步脉冲同步带来的修调误差。自动修调电路通过ATE(Automatic Test Equipment)提供的慢速脉冲对时钟模块输出的时钟计数，用二分法自动改变trim值，从而达到快速修调的目的，节省了测试时间。

3641AS-1带时钟点4位0.36寸共阳数码管v0.9b原理图.pdf

占空比为50%的5分频代码，由verilog语言实现的

0 引言 　　时钟数据恢复电路是高速收发器的模块，而高速收发器是通信系统中的关键部分。随着光纤在通信中的应用，信道可以承载的通信速率已经可以达到GHz，从而使得接收端的接收速率成为限制通信速率的主要瓶颈。因此高速时钟数据恢复电路的研究是目前通信领域的研究热点。目前时钟数据恢复电路主要是模拟IC和数字IC，其频率已经可以达到几十GHz。而由于FPGA器件的可编程性、低成本、短的设计周期以及越来越大的容量和速度，在数字领域的应用逐渐有替代数字IC的趋势，已经广泛作为数字系统的控制。但利用中低端FPGA还没有可以达到100MHz以上的时钟数据恢复电路。由于上面的原因，许多利用FPGA实现的高速通信

时钟对于MCU而言就像脉搏一样，在恶劣情况下如果出现外部晶振短路的情况会导致MCU无法正常运行。如果MCU应用于安全生产时，有可能造成安全事故。为了应对这一突发状况，ST公司生产的STM32采用双时钟机制，在外部晶振被短路的情况下，转而使用内部RC振荡器作为自己时钟心跳保证系统正常运行。然而RC振荡器并不是非常的准确，我们希望能够在外部晶振恢复正常的情况下继续使用外部晶振。本文主要研究内容是在外部晶振被短路的情况下，转而使用内部HSI。当外部晶振恢复正常后，重新使用外部晶振。

用MFC VC++实现的时钟源代码 // MFCFrame1View.cpp : implementation of the CMFCFrame1View class // #include "stdafx.h" #include "MFCFrame1.h" #include "MFCFrame1Doc.h" #include "MFCFrame1View.h" #include "PointDialog.h" #include "math.h" GLUquadricObj *objCylinder = gluNewQuadric(); #ifdef _DEBUG #define new DEBUG_NEW #undef THIS_FILE static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__; #endif ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CMFCFrame1View IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CMFCFrame1View, CView) BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMFCFrame1View, CView) //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMFCFrame1View) ON_WM_CREATE() ON_WM_DESTROY() ON_WM_SIZE() ON_COMMAND(IDM_ZIXUAN, OnZixuan) ON_WM_TIMER() ON_COMMAND(IDM_ChangDirect, OnChangDirect) //}}AFX_MSG_MAP // Standard printing commands ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT, CView::OnFilePrint) ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_DIRECT, CView::OnFilePrint) ON_COMMAND(ID_FILE_PRINT_PREVIEW, CView::OnFilePrintPreview) END_MESSAGE_MAP() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CMFCFrame1View construction/destruction CMFCFrame1View::CMFCFrame1View() { // TODO: add construction code here this->m_GLPixelIndex = 0; this->m_hGLContext = NULL; Angle1=0.0; Angle2=30.0; Timer=0; x=0.0; z=0.0; juli=40.0; } CMFCFrame1View::~CMFCFrame1View() { } BOOL CMFCFrame1View::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs) { // TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying // the CREATESTRUCT cs cs.style |= (WS_CLIPCHILDREN | WS_CLIPSIBLINGS); return CView::PreCreateWindow(cs); } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CMFCFrame1View drawing ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CMFCFrame1View printing BOOL CMFCFrame1View::OnPreparePrinting(CPrintInfo* pInfo) { // default preparation return DoPreparePrinting(pInfo); } void CMFCFrame1View::OnBeginPrinting(CDC* /*pDC*/, CPrintInfo* /*pInfo*/) { // TODO: add extra initialization before printing } void CMFCFrame1View::OnEndPrinting(CDC* /*pDC*/, CPrintInfo* /*pInfo*/) { // TODO: add cleanup after printing } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CMFCFrame1View diagnostics #ifdef _DEBUG void CMFCFrame1View::AssertValid() const { CView::AssertValid(); } void CMFCFrame1View::Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const { CView::Dump(dc); } CMFCFrame1Doc* CMFCFrame1View::GetDocument() // non-debug version is inline { ASSERT(m_pDocument->IsKindOf(RUNTIME_CLASS(CMFCFrame1Doc))); return (CMFCFrame1Doc*)m_pDocument; } #endif //_DEBUG ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CMFCFrame1View message handlers BOOL CMFCFrame1View::SetWindowPixelFormat(HDC hDC) { PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pixelDesc= { sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), 1, PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW|PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL| PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER|PFD_SUPPORT_GDI, PFD_TYPE_RGBA, 24, 0,0,0,0,0,0, 0, 0, 0, 0,0,0,0, 32, 0, 0, PFD_MAIN_PLANE, 0, 0,0,0 }; this->m_GLPixelIndex = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pixelDesc); if(this->m_GLPixelIndex==0) { this->m_GLPixelIndex = 1; if(DescribePixelFormat(hDC,this->m_GLPixelIndex,sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),&pixelDesc)==0) { return FALSE; } } if(SetPixelFormat(hDC,this->m_GLPixelIndex,&pixelDesc)==FALSE) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } int CMFCFrame1View::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) { if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1) return -1; // TODO: Add your specialized creation code here HWND hWnd = this->GetSafeHwnd(); HDC hDC = ::GetDC(hWnd); if(this->SetWindowPixelFormat(hDC)==FALSE) { return 0; } if(this->CreateViewGLContext(hDC)==FALSE) { return 0; } return 0; } BOOL CMFCFrame1View::CreateViewGLContext(HDC hDC) { this->m_hGLContext = wglCreateContext(hDC); if(this->m_hGLContext==NULL) {//创建失败 return FALSE; } if(wglMakeCurrent(hDC,this->m_hGLContext)==FALSE) {//选为当前RC失败 return FALSE; } return TRUE; } void CMFCFrame1View::OnDestroy() { CView::OnDestroy(); // TODO: Add your message handler code here if(wglGetCurrentContext()!=NULL) { wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL); } if(this->m_hGLContext!=NULL) { wglDeleteContext(this->m_hGLContext); this->m_hGLContext = NULL; } } void CMFCFrame1View::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy) { CView::OnSize(nType, cx, cy); // TODO: Add your message handler code here GLsizei width,height; GLdouble aspect; width = cx; height = cy; if(cy==0) { aspect = (GLdouble)width; } else { aspect = (GLdouble)width/(GLdouble)height; } glViewport(0,0,width,height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(40.0,aspect,5.0,1000.0); } void CMFCFrame1View::OnDraw(CDC* pDC) { CMFCFrame1Doc* pDoc = GetDocument(); ASSERT_VALID(pDoc); // TODO: add draw code for native data here CPaintDC dc(this); glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0.0,0.0,10.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); glRotatef(-90.0,1.0,0.0,0.0);/*返回原坐标*/ glTranslatef(-3.0,0.0,0.0); SwapBuffers(dc.m_ps.hdc); glDrawBuffer (GL_BACK); glFlush(); } void CMFCFrame1View::OnZixuan() { // TODO: Add your command handler code here Timer=1; SetTimer(1,100,NULL); } void CMFCFrame1View::OnTimer(UINT nIDEvent) { // TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call default CPaintDC dc(this); if (Timer==1) { Angle1=Angle1-1; Angle2=Angle2-1; glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);/**/ glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0.0,20.0,0.000000001,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.7,0.7,0.7); glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,1.1); glRotatef(-90.0,1.0,0.0,0.0); glutSolidCone(5.0,0.0,60.0,60.0); /*底盘*/ glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glTranslatef(3.9,0.99,1.0); /*刻度*/ glRotatef(90.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder, 0.05, 0.05, 0.8, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glTranslatef(-4.7,0.99,1.0); /*刻度*/ glRotatef(90.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder,0.05, 0.05, 0.8, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glTranslatef(0.0,0.99,-2.9); /*刻度*/ glRotatef(180.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder,0.05, 0.05, 0.8, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glTranslatef(0.0,0.99,5.8); /*刻度*/ glRotatef(180.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder,0.05, 0.05,0.8, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); glRotatef(45.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); glTranslatef(-0.67,0.99,0.7); /*时针*/ glRotatef(Angle1/129600,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder, 0.07, 0.02, 2.5, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); glTranslatef(0.0,0.99,1.0); /*分针*/ glRotatef(Angle2/360,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder, 0.05, 0.02, 3.5, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.5); glTranslatef(0.0,0.99,1.0); /*秒针*/ glRotatef(Angle1,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder, 0.07, 0.02, 4.5, 9999, 9); glPopMatrix(); SwapBuffers(dc.m_ps.hdc); glDrawBuffer (GL_BACK); glFlush(); } else if(Timer==2) { glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); if (juli>12.0) { glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);/*建立了从世界坐标系到观察坐标系的转换矩阵*/ glLoadIdentity(); gluLookAt(0.0,8.0,juli,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); juli=juli-0.1; glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glRotatef(-90.0,1.0,0.0,0.0); glutWireCone(40.0,0.0,30.0,30.0); /*画高度为0的圆锥*/ glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0); glLineWidth(4.0); glTranslatef(4.0,1.0,0.0); glutWireOctahedron(); /*画八面体*/ glLineWidth(1.0); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0); glTranslatef(0.0,1.1,0.0); glRotatef(Angle2,0.0,1.0,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0, 9999, 9); /*画壶*/ glPopMatrix(); } else if(juli<=12.0) { Angle2=Angle2+0.01; if (Angle2==360.0) Angle2=0.0; glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);/*建立了从世界坐标系到观察坐标系的转换矩阵*/ glLoadIdentity(); x=12.0*sin(Angle2); z=12.0*cos(Angle2); gluLookAt(x,5.0,z,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glRotatef(-90.0,1.0,0.0,0.0); glutWireCone(40.0,0.0,30.0,30.0); /*画高度为0的圆锥*/ glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0); glLineWidth(4.0); glTranslatef(4.0,1.0,0.0); glutWireOctahedron(); /*画八面体*/ glLineWidth(1.0); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0); glTranslatef(0.0,1.1,0.0); gluCylinder(objCylinder, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0, 9999, 9); /*画壶*/ glPopMatrix(); } SwapBuffers(dc.m_ps.hdc); glDrawBuffer (GL_BACK); glFlush(); } CView::OnTimer(nIDEvent); } void CMFCFrame1View::OnChangDirect() { // TODO: Add your command handler code here Timer=2; SetTimer(1,100 ,NULL); }