stm32H7- 串口 DMA 字符串输出实验

上传者: wwwwhiger | 上传时间: 2025-08-21 14:29:21 | 文件大小: 73.59MB | 文件类型: ZIP
STM32H7系列是意法半导体(STMicroelectronics)推出的高性能微控制器,基于ARM Cortex-M7内核,具有高速处理能力和低功耗特性。在嵌入式开发中,串口通信是一种常用的通信方式,而DMA(直接内存访问)技术可以极大地提高数据传输效率,减少CPU的负担。本文将详细介绍如何在STM32H7上实现串口通过DMA进行字符串输出的实验。 串口通信是嵌入式系统中设备间通信的基本手段之一,通常包括UART(通用异步收发传输器)和USART(通用同步/异步收发传输器)两种。STM32H7支持多种串口,包括UART和USART,它们可以配置为全双工、半双工或单工模式,并且支持DMA传输。 在STM32H7上配置串口DMA时,首先需要设置串口参数,如波特率、数据位、停止位和校验位等。这些参数可以通过HAL库中的`HAL_UART_Init()`函数来设定。接下来,要开启DMA服务,选择合适的DMA通道,并配置相应的传输模式。STM32H7有多个DMA实例(如DMA1、DMA2),每个实例包含多个通道,可以根据需求选择合适的通道进行串口通信。 配置DMA传输时,需要设置源地址(通常为发送缓冲区的地址)、目标地址(对应串口的发送FIFO地址)和传输长度。同时,还需设置传输完成中断或半传输中断,以便在数据发送完成后执行相应的回调函数。 在STM32H7的HAL库中,可以使用`HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA()`函数启动串口的DMA发送。该函数会启动指定串口的DMA传输,并在传输完成后自动触发回调函数。在回调函数中,可以进行一些后续处理,例如更新发送状态、清除发送标志等。 串口DMA字符串输出的实验步骤大致如下: 1. 初始化串口:配置串口参数,如波特率为9600,数据位8,停止位1,无校验。 2. 配置DMA:选择一个空闲的DMA通道,设置源地址为待发送字符串的首地址,目标地址为串口发送寄存器的地址,传输长度为字符串长度+1(包含结束符'\0')。 3. 注册回调函数:在DMA传输完成时,系统会自动调用预先注册的回调函数,此时可以更新发送状态或执行其他操作。 4. 启动DMA发送:调用`HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA()`函数,传入串口句柄和DMA传输结构体,开始发送字符串。 5. 在回调函数中处理:当DMA传输完成时,回调函数会被调用,可以在这里进行状态更新或启动新的发送任务。 为了确保实验的成功,还需要注意以下几点: - 确保串口和DMA的相关时钟已开启。 - 设置适当的DMA优先级,避免与其他DMA冲突。 - 检查并确保串口和DMA的中断线已被正确连接。 - 在DMA传输过程中,避免对发送缓冲区进行读写操作,以免数据错乱。 通过以上步骤,你可以在STM32H7上实现串口DMA的字符串输出功能,提升串口通信的效率,降低CPU占用率。在实际项目中,这个功能对于大量数据的发送,特别是在实时性要求较高的场景下,有着显著的优势。

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