Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design

ContentsForeword xvAcknowledgments xix1 Introduction to Communications Circuits 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Lower Frequency Analog Design and MicrowaveDesign Versus Radio Frequency IntegratedCircuit Design 21.2.1 Impedance Levels for Microwave and Low-Frequency Analog Design 21.2.2 Units for Microwave and Low-Frequency AnalogDesign 31.3 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Used in aCommunications Transceiver 41.4 Overview 6References 62 Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linearity, andFiltering 92.1 Introduction 9vvi Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design2.2 Noise 92.2.1 Thermal Noise 102.2.2 Available Noise Power 112.2.3 Available Power from Antenna 112.2.4 The Concept of Noise Figure 132.2.5 The Noise Figure of an Amplifier Circuit 142.2.6 The Noise Figure of Components in Series 162.3 Linearity and Distortion in RF Circuits 232.3.1 Power Series Expansion 232.3.2 Third-Order Intercept Point 272.3.3 Second-Order Intercept Point 292.3.4 The 1-dB Compression Point 302.3.5 Relationships Between 1-dB Compression andIP3 Points 312.3.6 Broadband Measures of Linearity 322.4 Dynamic Range 352.5 Filtering Issues 372.5.1 Image Signals and Image Reject Filtering 372.5.2 Blockers and Blocker Filtering 39References 41Selected Bibliography 423 A Brief Review of Technology 433.1 Introduction 433.2 Bipolar Transistor Description 43Current Dependence 463.33.4 Small-Signal Model 473.5 Small-Signal Parameters 483.6 High-Frequency Effects 49as a Function of Current 513.6.1 fT3.7 Noise in Bipolar Transistors 533.7.1 Thermal Noise in Transistor Components 533.7.2 Shot Noise 533.7.3 1/f Noise 54vii3.8 Base Shot Noise Discussion 553.9 Noise Sources in the Transistor Model 553.10 Bipolar Transistor Design Considerations 563.11 CMOS Transistors 573.11