体系结构是目前软件工程领域一个新兴的研究方向,对于复杂的软件系统而言,其体系结构的设计已经 成为系统能否成功的一个关键因素。本文以一个图书管理系统为例,采用统一建模语言UML对该系统体系结构建 模,并通过VB来实现该系统。

UML Specification 2.5.1.zip pdf文档，全书796页 Scop∈ This specification defines the Unified Modeling Language (UML), revision 2.The objective of UML is to provide system architects, software engineers, and software developers with tools for analysis, design, and implementation of |software-based systems as well as for modeling business and similar processes. The initial versions of UML(UML 1) originated with three leading object-oriented methods (Booch,OMT,and OOSE), and incorporated a number of best practices from modeling language design, object-oriented programming,and architectural description languages.Relative to UML 1,this revision of UML has been enhanced with significantly more precise definitions of its abstract syntax rules and semantics,a more modular language structure,and a greatly improved capability for modeling large-scale systems. One of the primary goals of UML is to advance the state of the industry by enabling object visual modeling tool interoperability.However, to enable meaningful exchange of model information between tools,agreement on semantic and syntax is required. UMLmeets the following requirements: · A formal definition of a common MOF-based metamodel that specifies the abstract syntax of the UML.The abstract syntax defines the set of UMLmodeling concepts,their attributes and their relationships,as well as the rules for combining these concepts to construct partial or complete UMLmodels. A detailed explanation of the semantics of each UMLmodeling concept.The semantics define, in a technology-independent manner,how the UML concepts are to be realized by computers. A specification of the human-readable notation elements for representing the individual UMLmodeling concepts as well as rules for combining them into a variety of different diagram types corresponding to different aspects of modeled systems. Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1

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thinking in UML 谭云杰 出版社: 中国水利水电出版社

uml 用例图 顺序图 协作图可以更好的被描述

协作图是一种交互图（interactiondiagram），强调的是发送和接收消息的对对象之间的组织结构。一个协作图显示了一系列的对象和在这些对象之间的联系以及对象间发送和接收的消息。对象通常是命名或匿名的类的实例，也可以代表其他事物的实例，例如协作、组件和节点。使用协作图来说明系统的动态情况。协作图(CollaborationDiagram)显示某组对象如何为了由一个用例描述的一个系统事件而与另一组对象进行协作的交互图。使用协作图可以显示对象角色之间的关系，如为实现某个操作或达到某种结果而在对象间交换的一组消息。如果需要强调时间和序列，最好选择序列图；如果需要强调上下文相关，最好选择协作图。

序列图举例：打电话的序列图 挂断电话 电话切断 挂断电话 通 话 通 话 停止振铃 停止振铃 响应电话 电话振铃 铃 声 拨 号(3) 拨 号(7 拨 号(3) 拨 号(2) 电话忙音结束 拨 号(8) 电话忙音开始 拿起听筒 电话线 接电话者 打电话者

(Douglass 2014) Real Time UML Workshop for Embedded Systems 2nd.part2

(Douglass 2014) Real Time UML Workshop for Embedded Systems 2nd.part1