### Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory #### 引言 在电磁理论的研究与应用领域，绿函数（Green's function）作为一种重要的数学工具被广泛应用于求解偏微分方程问题，尤其是在散射、衍射及波导等复杂场景中的电磁场分析中。本文将深入探讨**二元绿函数（Dyadic Green Functions）**的概念及其在电磁理论中的应用，重点解析其理论基础、计算方法以及实际应用场景。 #### 二元绿函数概述 二元绿函数是一种用于求解电磁场中矢量偏微分方程的特殊类型绿函数。与标量绿函数相比，它能够更准确地描述电磁场的特性，尤其是当涉及电磁波的传播和相互作用时。二元绿函数通常由两个矢量构成，分别表示电场和磁场的响应。这种形式使得二元绿函数能够在处理复杂的电磁问题时更为有效。 #### 理论基础 1. **麦克斯韦方程组**：二元绿函数的理论基础来源于麦克斯韦方程组。通过将麦克斯韦方程组转换为积分形式，并结合边界条件，可以推导出二元绿函数的基本表达式。 2. **亥姆霍兹方程**：在无源区域中，可以通过亥姆霍兹方程来表达电磁场的波动性质。利用这一方程，可以进一步推导出适用于特定边界条件下的二元绿函数表达式。 3. **矢量微积分**：二元绿函数的计算涉及到大量的矢量微积分运算，包括梯度、散度和旋度等。这些操作对于理解二元绿函数的本质及其在不同场景中的应用至关重要。 4. **泛函分析**：在更高级的应用中，二元绿函数还涉及到泛函分析的相关概念，如希尔伯特空间、算子理论等。这些理论为理解二元绿函数提供了一个更为深刻的视角。 #### 计算方法 1. **差分方程方法**：通过将麦克斯韦方程组离散化，可以得到适用于数值计算的差分方程。这种方法适用于解决复杂的边界条件问题。 2. **积分方程方法**：基于边界元法或矩量法等技术，可以将电磁问题转化为积分方程的形式。这种方法在处理非均匀介质界面和表面效应时特别有用。 3. **有限元方法**：有限元方法通过将问题域划分为多个小单元，进而对每个单元内的电磁场进行近似。这种方法在处理复杂几何形状的问题时非常有效。 4. **解析解法**：对于某些理想化的模型，可以直接求得二元绿函数的解析表达式。这类方法虽然应用范围有限，但在理论上具有重要意义。 #### 应用案例 1. **天线设计**：在天线的设计过程中，利用二元绿函数可以精确地模拟电磁波的辐射模式，从而优化天线的性能。 2. **波导分析**：对于波导结构的分析，二元绿函数能够提供关于电磁场分布的详细信息，帮助工程师更好地理解和控制信号传输过程。 3. **散射与衍射问题**：在处理物体表面的电磁波散射和衍射现象时，二元绿函数能够给出精确的电磁场分布结果，有助于提高雷达系统的检测精度。 4. **生物医学工程**：在生物医学领域，通过研究组织内部的电磁场分布，可以实现对生物体内部结构的成像，这对于疾病的早期诊断具有重要意义。 #### 结论 二元绿函数作为电磁理论中的一个核心概念，在现代科学技术发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。通过对二元绿函数理论基础的理解和计算方法的掌握，可以有效地解决电磁领域的各种复杂问题，推动相关技术的发展与创新。未来，随着计算技术的进步，二元绿函数的应用将会更加广泛，其在科学研究和工业实践中的价值也将进一步凸显。

本文介绍了汽车电气和电子组件的一般要求、测试条件和测试方法，适用于3.5吨以下的汽车。该标准涵盖了组件、电气组件、电子组件、模块和测试条件。同时，还介绍了电子组件的电磁兼容性测试标准TL 81000。

Editorial Reviews Review "...well written and flows smoothly...provides electrical engineering students with a new perspective in applied electromagnetics and circuit design...highly recommended." (CHOICE, September 2006) "...well written and flows smoothly...provides electrical engineering students with a new perspective in applied electromagnetics and circuit design...highly recommended." (CHOICE, September 2006) Product Description A Landmark text thoroughly updated, including a new CD As digital devices continue to be produced at increasingly lower costs and with higher speeds, the need for effective electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design practices has become more critical than ever to avoid unnecessary costs in bringing products into compliance with governmental regulations. The Second Edition of this landmark text has been thoroughly updated and revised to reflect these major developments that affect both academia and the electronics industry. Readers familiar with the First Edition will find much new material, including: * Latest U.S. and international regulatory requirements * PSpice used throughout the textbook to simulate EMC analysis solutions * Methods of designing for Signal Integrity * Fortran programs for the simulation of Crosstalk supplied on a CD * OrCAD(r) PSpice(r) Release 10.0 and Version 8 Demo Edition software supplied on a CD * The final chapter on System Design for EMC completely rewritten * The chapter on Crosstalk rewritten to simplify the mathematics Detailed, worked-out examples are now included throughout the text. In addition, review exercises are now included following the discussion of each important topic to help readers assess their grasp of the material. Several appendices are new to this edition including Phasor Analysis of Electric Circuits, The Electromagnetic Field Equations and Waves, Computer Codes for Calculating the Per-Unit-Length Parameters and Crosstalk of Multiconductor Transmission Lines, and a SPICE (PSPICE) tutorial. Now thoroughly updated, the Second Edition of Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility remains the textbook of choice for university/college EMC courses as well as a reference for EMC design engineers. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department. From the Publisher Deals with the topic of interference (electromagnetic compatibility) in electronic systems. It builds on basic undergraduate electrical engineering concepts and principles and applies them to the design of electronic systems that operate compatibly with other electronic systems and do not create interference phenomena. To facilitate classroom teaching it is divided in two parts. The first provides the basic principles and skills for review, while the second refers to applications and aspects of EMC design. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. From the Back Cover A Landmark text thoroughly updated, including a new CD As digital devices continue to be produced at increasingly lower costs and with higher speeds, the need for effective electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design practices has become more critical than ever to avoid unnecessary costs in bringing products into compliance with governmental regulations. The Second Edition of this landmark text has been thoroughly updated and revised to reflect these major developments that affect both academia and the electronics industry. Readers familiar with the First Edition will find much new material, including: Latest U.S. and international regulatory requirements PSpice used throughout the textbook to simulate EMC analysis solutions Methods of designing for Signal Integrity Fortran programs for the simulation of Crosstalk supplied on a CD OrCAD® PSpice® Release 10.0 and Version 8 Demo Edition software supplied on a CD The final chapter on System Design for EMC completely rewritten The chapter on Crosstalk rewritten to simplify the mathematics Detailed, worked-out examples are now included throughout the text. In addition, review exercises are now included following the discussion of each important topic to help readers assess their grasp of the material. Several appendices are new to this edition including Phasor Analysis of Electric Circuits, The Electromagnetic Field Equations and Waves, Computer Codes for Calculating the Per-Unit-Length Parameters and Crosstalk of Multiconductor Transmission Lines, and a SPICE (PSPICE) tutorial. Now thoroughly updated, the Second Edition of Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility remains the textbook of choice for university/college EMC courses as well as a reference for EMC design engineers. About the Author CLAYTON R. PAUL, PHD, is Professor and Sam Nunn Chair of Aerospace Systems Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mercer University. He is also Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Kentucky, where he served on the faculty for twenty-seven years. Dr. Paul is the author of twelve textbooks in electrical engineering, has contributed numerous chapters to engineering handbooks and reference texts, and has published numerous technical papers in scientific journals and symposia. He is a Fellow of the IEEE and a Honorary Life Member of the IEEE EMC Society.

This paper is the original of the transmission line theory. From this paper we can underdstand tranmission line impedance, the R, the L and the C, and what's the ralation of the maxwell equation to transmission line

TL 81000-2021 Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electronic Components for Motor Vehicles

自己导师推荐的电磁理论的书，张克潜先生的，英文版，写的还不错。

Transient Response of electromagnetic torque motor.zip电磁暂态仿真

This book has proved to be very beneficial as a reference for industrial professionals interested in EMC design。

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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas