STM32H743 串口DMA方式驱动程序 供参考
STM32H743是意法半导体（STMicroelectronics）推出的一款高性能微控制器，属于STM32H7系列，具备强大的ARM Cortex-M7内核。在这个项目中，我们将探讨如何利用STM32H743的串口（USART）功能，并通过DMA（直接存储器访问）进行数据传输。DMA允许在不占用CPU资源的情况下，实现外设与内存之间的高效数据交换。
串口（USART）是通用同步/异步收发传输器，常用于设备间的通信。在STM32H743上配置串口需要完成以下步骤：
1. **初始化配置**：设置波特率、数据位数、停止位和校验位。这些参数可根据通信协议和需求进行定制。
2. **中断或DMA选择**：这里采用DMA方式，因此需要开启串口的DMA请求，并配置合适的DMA通道。
3. **DMA配置**：创建DMA配置结构体，设定传输方向（发送或接收）、数据宽度、内存到外设或外设到内存模式等。
4. **MPU配置**：内存保护单元（MPU）可以保护内存区域免受非法访问。在使用DMA时，确保MPU配置允许DMA通道访问所需内存区域。
5. **缓存开启**：STM32H743支持数据和指令缓存，开启缓存能提高数据读取速度。配置缓存时，要确保与DMA的使用兼容。
6. **RAM分区**：根据应用需求，可能需要将RAM划分为多个区域，如堆栈、动态内存分配区等。
具体实现时，首先在初始化函数中配置串口和DMA。例如，使用HAL库的`HAL_UART_Init()`和`HAL_DMA_Init()`函数。接着，开启串口的DMA请求，这通常在`HAL_UART_MspInit()`回调中完成，调用`HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA_IRQn)`来启用对应DMA通道的中断。
对于MPU配置，可以使用`HAL_MPU_ConfigRegion()`函数，设定访问权限和优先级。开启缓存可能涉及`SCB_EnableDCache()`和`SCB_EnableICache()`函数。分配RAM区域可通过`HAL_RCC_GetSRAMSize()`和`HAL_RCC_GetPCCARDRAMSize()`等函数获取总RAM大小，然后用`__attribute__((section(".mySection")))`这样的内存定位属性进行分配。
在数据传输过程中，启动发送或接收操作，例如通过`HAL_UART_Transmit_DMA()`或`HAL_UART_Receive_DMA()`。当传输完成时，DMA中断会被触发，此时需在中断服务程序中处理完传输状态，更新标志位或者执行其他必要的动作。
在H743_BSP_Validate这个文件包中，可能包含了验证这些功能的示例代码、配置文件以及必要的头文件。用户可以参考这些代码来理解和实现STM32H743的串口DMA驱动程序。为了确保程序正确运行，还需要注意系统时钟配置、异常处理以及串口和DMA的中断优先级设置。
STM32H743的串口DMA驱动涉及到硬件层的串口、DMA和MPU配置，以及软件层的中断处理和内存管理。正确理解并实施这些概念，能够构建高效、可靠的串口通信系统。
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