MVC4使用Devexpress Report建立主从报表
在本文中，我们将深入探讨如何在ASP.NET MVC4框架中使用DevExpress Report组件创建主从报表。主从报表是一种常见的数据展示方式，它允许用户在一个报表中同时查看主要数据集及其相关的详细信息。DevExpress Report是DevExpress公司提供的一个强大的报表工具，支持多种数据源，包括SQL Server、Oracle等，为开发者提供了丰富的报表设计和展示功能。
我们需要确保已安装DevExpress的MVC套件，这通常通过NuGet包管理器进行。在Visual Studio中，打开“管理NuGet程序包”对话框，搜索“DevExpress.MVC”并安装最新版本。
接下来，让我们创建一个新项目，选择ASP.NET MVC4模板，并确保选择"Internet应用程序"，以便获得预配置的身份验证。在项目中，我们需要引入DevExpress的Report相关的引用，这可以通过添加对"DevExpress.Web.Mvc4"和"DevExpress.XtraReports.vXX.X.Mvc4"（其中XX.X代表版本号）的引用实现。
创建报表的第一步是设计主报表。在DevExpress工具箱中，我们可以找到“Report”控件，将其拖放到视图或控制器中。然后，我们需要定义数据源，这可以是数据库查询、存储过程或者任何能提供数据的对象。在本例中，假设我们的主要数据来源于一个名为"Orders"的表，我们可以通过以下方式设置数据源：
```csharp
var report = new DevExpress.XtraReports.UI.XtraReport();
report.DataSource = db.Orders; // 假设db是EF上下文实例
```
接下来，我们设计报表布局。在报表设计器中，我们可以添加各种报表元素，如表格、图表、文本框等，将数据字段绑定到这些元素。对于主报表，我们通常会显示主数据集的关键信息，如订单ID、客户名和订单日期。
然后，我们需要创建从报表来展示与主记录相关联的详细信息。假设我们的"Orders"表有一对多的关系与"OrderDetails"表，我们可以在主报表的每个行内嵌入从报表来显示详细的产品信息。这可以通过创建一个新的XtraSubReport控件，并为其指定子报表的数据源和设计实现：
```csharp
var subReport = new DevExpress.XtraReports.UI.XtraSubReport();
subReport.ReportSource = new OrderDetailsReport(); // OrderDetailsReport是子报表类
subReport.DataSource = db.OrderDetails.Where(d => d.OrderId == order.Id); // 假设order是主报表当前行的订单对象
```
在子报表的设计阶段，我们需要根据"OrderDetails"表的字段创建相应的布局，如产品ID、数量和单价等。
我们需要在MVC控制器中处理报表的呈现逻辑。在Action方法中，我们可以使用DevExpress的ReportViewer控件来显示报表，并设置必要的参数：
```csharp
public ActionResult ViewReport(int orderId)
{
var report = new MainReport();
report.SetDataSource(db.Orders.Include("OrderDetails").Where(o => o.Id == orderId)); // 加载关联数据
return View(report);
}
```
在对应的视图中，我们需要添加ReportViewer控件，并将其绑定到传递的报表对象：
```html
@Html.DevExpress().ReportViewer(settings =>
{
settings.ID = "reportViewer";
settings.Report = Model;
settings.Width = Unit.Percentage(100);
}).GetHtml()
```
至此，我们就完成了在MVC4中使用DevExpress Report创建主从报表的基本步骤。实际应用中，可能还需要考虑更多细节，如分页、排序、过滤和样式定制等。DevExpress Report提供了一套强大而灵活的工具，使得在MVC环境中构建复杂的报表变得轻松易行。通过不断的实践和学习，开发者可以充分利用这个工具来满足各种报表需求。
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