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全球夜间灯光数据2000-2005.rar

上传者： 31988139 | 上传时间： 2021-06-11 13:05:58 | 文件大小： 80.67MB | 文件类型： RAR
现有DMSP为三轴姿态稳定卫星，运行在高度约830km的太阳同步轨道，周期约101min，扫描条带宽度3 000km。DMSP卫星采用双星运行体制，两颗业务卫星同时运行，过赤道时间为05∶36及10∶52，每6h可提供一次全球云图。该计划自1965年1月19日发射第1颗卫星，至今共发射7代40多颗卫星。2009年10月18日发射的是DMSP F-18 Block 5D-3，后续将发射2颗，即DMSP 5D-3F19~5D-3F20。 其轨道特点类似NOAA卫星，运行在高度约830公里的太阳同步轨道，扫描条带宽度3000公里，周期约101分钟，每天绕地球飞行14圈，得到4次全球覆盖图，分别是清晨、白天、黄昏和夜晚。DMSP上的线性扫描业务系统Operational Linescan System（OLS）最初是专门为云层监测设计的振荡扫描辐射计，共设有两个波段：可见光-近红外（VNIR）波段，0.4~1μm，光谱分辨率6比特，灰度值范围0~63；热红外（TIR）波段，10~13μm，光谱分辨率8比特，灰度值范围0~255。其中可见光波段又有两套探测器，白天使用光学望远镜头，夜间使用光学倍增管。夜间光学倍增管的入瞳单位波长辐亮度允许低至10-9watts/cm2/sr/μm，这比OLS白天可见光通道或NOAA/AVHRR、LANDSAT/TM等其它传感器的相应通道所能探测到的辐射大约低4个数量级。光学倍增管起初是为气象目的设计，用于探测月光照射下的云，后来由于其具有很强的光电放大能力，因此逐渐被应用于探测城镇灯光、极光、闪电、渔火、火灾等等地表活动。 　　通常来说，卫星传感器获取的主要是地表的太阳辐射反射信号，而DMSP/OLS传感器独辟蹊径，采集的是夜间灯光、火光等产生的辐射信号。DMSP/OLS传感器在夜间工作，能探测到城市灯光甚至小规模居民地、车流等发出的低强度灯光，并使之区别于黑暗的乡村背景。因此，DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像可作为人类活动的表征，成为了人类活动监测研究的良好数据源。使用DMSP/OLS数据主要有以下两点优势：第一，DMSP/OLS不依赖于高空间分辨率，它的影像分辨率通常在1km左右，因而影像数据量非常小，甚至不到TM数据的1%，在对DMSP/OLS数据进行处理时更加简便；第二，DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像能反映综合性信息，它涵盖了交通道路、居民地等与人口、城市等因子分布密切相关的信息。因此，在用DMSP/OLS灯光数据时无需再单独考虑这些因素。 　　目前，DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像主要用于城镇扩展研究，社会经济因子估算以及其它环境、灾害、渔业、能源等领域。 　　1. 城镇扩展监测 　当今世界处于一个高速发展的时期，传统的统计方法提供的城区范围往往还没有发挥作用就已经变化。反映人类活动特征的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像以城镇为靶区，为城镇扩展监测提供了准确、直接、节约、省时的方法。 　　2. 社会经济因子估计 　　灯光影像上亮区和暗区的对比使之成为研究密集人类活动及其影响的一个有力工具。明显地，灯光强弱与社会经济因子间存在正相关关系，利用这种定量关系可以开展社会经济因子估计研究。 　　（1） 城市化水平估计 　　利用夜间灯光强度影像可构建综合灯光指数来反映城市化水平，对地区城市化发展状况开展有效监测。 　　（2） 人口估计 　　根据灯光与人口分布之间的线性关系，可以通过灯光来估算全球、国家甚至城市尺度上的人口详细分布。 　　（3） GDP、能耗量、碳排放量等因子估计 　　采用相关分析和回归分析的方法，灯光影像已然成为反演社会经济、监测生态环境的良好数据源。 　　3. 其它方面 　　除了社会经济数据研究，DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像还被尝试应用于环境、灾害、渔业、能源等领域。目前，利用该影像在光污染传播空间分析、火灾治理和资源保护、渔业监测、天然气焚烧监测等方面进行了一些探索性研究。

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