NPOI 支持2003和2007两个版本
NPOI是一个强大的开源库，专门用于处理Microsoft Office文件，特别是Excel文档。它支持两种主要的Excel文件格式：.xls（Excel 2003及更早版本）和.xlsx（Excel 2007及更高版本）。这个特性使得NPOI在处理不同版本Excel文件时具有高度的兼容性，无论是读取还是写入数据。
1. **NPOI的基本概念与功能**
NPOI是.NET平台上的一种API，它可以用来创建、读取和修改Microsoft Office文件，包括Word、Excel和PowerPoint等。在Excel处理方面，NPOI提供了丰富的功能，如创建新的工作簿、工作表，插入数据，格式化单元格，以及添加图表、公式等。
2. **支持的文件格式**
- `.xls`：这是Excel 2003及更早版本使用的BIFF8格式，NPOI可以完全支持读写此格式，包括工作表、样式、公式、图表等内容。
- `.xlsx`：这是Excel 2007及更高版本引入的基于Open XML标准的文件格式，NPOI通过使用Open XML SDK实现对这种格式的支持，同样可以进行读写操作。
3. **Excel导入与导出**
- **导入**：使用NPOI，你可以方便地从Excel文件中读取数据，不论是老版的.xls还是新版的.xlsx。例如，你可以通过HSSFWorkbook（针对.xls）或XSSFWorkbook（针对.xlsx）类来打开文件，然后遍历工作表中的每一行和每一列，将数据提取到程序中。
- **导出**：相反，你也可以将程序中的数据写入Excel文件。通过创建新的工作簿对象，添加工作表，填充单元格，设置样式等，NPOI能帮助你生成符合需求的Excel文件。
4. **实际应用**
- 数据分析：NPOI常用于数据分析项目，从大量的Excel数据中提取信息，进行计算和处理。
- 报表生成：在企业系统中，NPOI可以用来生成自定义的Excel报表，根据用户需求展示数据。
- 文件转换：NPOI还可以用于将旧版的.xls文件转换为.xlsx格式，或者反之，以确保文件在不同版本的Excel中都能正常打开。
5. **性能优化**
在处理大量数据时，NPOI提供了流式处理的API，可以避免一次性加载整个工作簿到内存，从而提高性能并降低内存占用。
6. **代码示例**
创建一个新的Excel文件并写入数据的基本代码如下：
```csharp
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; // for .xls files
using NPOI.XSSF.UserModel; // for .xlsx files
// 创建一个.xls文件
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Sheet1");
IRow row = sheet.CreateRow(0);
ICell cell = row.CreateCell(0);
cell.SetCellValue("Hello, NPOI!");
// 写入文件
FileStream file = new FileStream("output.xls", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
workbook.Write(file);
file.Close();
// 对于.xlsx文件，只需更换工作簿类型
XSSFWorkbook workbookXlsx = new XSSFWorkbook();
// 其余操作相同
```
7. **社区支持与扩展**
NPOI拥有活跃的开发者社区，不断更新和完善其功能。此外，还有很多第三方库和工具基于NPOI开发，提供了更高级的功能，如更复杂的公式处理、图像操作等。
总结来说，NPOI是一个强大的工具，对于需要在.NET环境中处理Excel文件的应用程序，无论是数据导入、导出，还是生成报表，NPOI都是一个不可或缺的组件。它的跨版本兼容性确保了无论你的用户使用的是哪个版本的Excel，你的应用程序都能无缝地处理Excel文件。
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