CoordGM.rar

上传者: hengdela | 上传时间: 2021-07-03 18:01:44 | 文件大小: 3.79MB | 文件类型: RAR
坐标转换问题的详细了解对于测量很重要,那么请和我一起来讨论这个问题。 首先,我们要弄清楚几种坐标表示方法。大致有三种坐标表示方法:经纬度和高程,空间直角坐标,平面坐标和高程。 我们通常说的WGS-84坐标是经纬度和高程这一种,北京54坐标是平面坐标和高程着一种。 现在,再搞清楚转换的严密性问题,在同一个椭球里的转换都是严密的,而在不同的椭球之间的转换是不严密的。举个例子,在WGS-84坐标和北京54坐标之间是不存在一套转换参数可以全国通用的,在每个地方会不一样,因为它们是两个不同的椭球基准。 那么,两个椭球间的坐标转换应该是怎样的呢?一般而言比较严密的是用七参数法(包括布尔莎模型,一步法模型,海尔曼特等),即X平移,Y平移,Z平移,X旋转,Y旋转,Z旋转,尺度变化K。要求得七参数就需要在一个地区需要3个以上的已知点,如果区域范围不大,最远点间的距离不大于30Km(经验值),这可以用三参数(莫洛登斯基模型),即X平移,Y平移,Z平移,而将X旋转,Y旋转,Z旋转,尺度变化K视为0,所以三参数只是七参数的一种特例。在本软件中提供了计算三参数、七参数的功能。 在一个椭球的不同坐标系中转换可能会用到平面转换,现阶段一般分为四参数和平面网格拟合两种方法,以四参数法在国内用的较多,举个例子,在深圳既有北京54坐标又有深圳坐标,在这两种坐标之间转换就用到四参数,计算四参数需要两个已知点。更精确的可以提供网格拟合数据,本软件提供计算和应用四参数的功能,也提供了网格拟合的功能

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