cmake-3.20.5-linux-aarch64.tar.gz
CMake 是一个跨平台的构建系统，用于管理软件构建过程。它通过简洁的配置文件（CMakeLists.txt）来描述项目结构和编译步骤，然后生成特定构建工具（如 Makefile 或 Visual Studio 工程）的构建脚本，使得开发者能够在不同的操作系统和编译环境中一致地构建软件。
在标题中提到的 "cmake-3.20.5-linux-aarch64.tar.gz" 是 CMake 的一个预编译版本，适用于 Linux 操作系统且基于 aarch64（64位ARM架构）的处理器。这个压缩包包含了在该平台上运行和安装 CMake 所需的所有文件。
解压这个 tar.gz 文件，你需要使用Linux终端中的 `tar` 命令。例如，你可以输入以下命令：
```bash
tar -zxvf cmake-3.20.5-linux-aarch64.tar.gz
```
解压后，你会得到一个名为 `cmake-3.20.5-linux-aarch64` 的目录，其中包含 `bin`、`lib`、`share` 等子目录，分别存放可执行文件、库文件和资源文件。为了能够全局使用 CMake，你需要将 `bin` 目录添加到系统的 PATH 环境变量中。这通常可以通过编辑 `~/.bashrc` 或 `~/.bash_profile` 文件来实现：
```bash
echo 'export PATH="/path/to/cmake-3.20.5-linux-aarch64/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
```
确保将 `/path/to/cmake-3.20.5-linux-aarch64` 替换为实际的解压路径。这样，你就可以在任何地方通过 `cmake` 命令来调用 CMake。
CMake 的基本用法涉及创建一个名为 `CMakeLists.txt` 的文件，它定义了项目的构建规则。例如，你可能需要指定源代码目录、目标二进制文件、链接的库等。一个简单的 `CMakeLists.txt` 文件可能如下所示：
```txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
project(MyProject)
add_executable(MyProject main.cpp)
```
在这个例子中，`cmake_minimum_required` 设置了所需的 CMake 最低版本，`project` 定义了项目名，而 `add_executable` 声明了一个名为 `MyProject` 的可执行程序，其源代码为 `main.cpp`。
接下来，你可以使用 `cmake` 命令来初始化构建系统，然后使用 `make` 来构建项目：
```bash
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
```
这里，`cmake ..` 会解析上一级目录中的 `CMakeLists.txt` 并生成构建脚本，`make` 则根据这些脚本编译项目。
CMake 支持多种高级特性，如目标依赖关系、编译选项控制、库的链接和查找、测试框架集成（CTest）、包装系统集成（CPack）以及文档生成（Doxygen 和 Sphinx）。通过 `find_package`，你可以轻松地在项目中引入其他依赖库，如 Boost、Qt 或者 OpenCV。
CMake 提供了一种强大的方式来管理和构建跨平台的软件项目，简化了不同环境下的构建流程，并确保了一致性。通过深入学习和熟练使用 CMake，开发者可以更高效地处理复杂的项目结构和依赖关系。
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