基于模糊理论的图像分割算法研究(硕士学位论文)
近年来一些学者将模糊理论引入到图像分割中，较传统方法取得了更好的分割效果。
本文在研究传统的模糊阈值分割和模糊聚类分割的基础上，提出了以下改进的新方法：
1．针对目标／背景两类图像分割问题，考虑二维灰度直方图，采用了一种更符合图像空间分布特点的隶属函数，建立了对应的二维图像模糊熵，并采用遗传算法对二维图像模糊熵的各个参数进行优化，根据最大模糊熵准则，确定目标和背景的晟佳分割阈值；实验结果表明，基于遗传算法的二维最大模糊熵阈值分割法具有较好的分割性能和较快的分割速度，对噪声有一定的抑制能力。另外，针对多目标的复杂图像分割问题，本文聚用了一种三类阈值分割法，该方法将图像分为暗区、灰度区和亮区，通过建立相应的模糊隶属函数，对图像各个灰度级属于暗区、灰度区和亮区的模糊特性进行描述，应用指数熵的概念，基于概率分析，引进了一种新的模糊熵定义；并根据最大模糊熵准则，应用遗传算法，确定最佳的分割阈值：实验结果表明，基于遗传算法的三类阈值分割法能快速有效地分割复杂图像。
2．针对传统的模糊c均值聚类(FCM)图像分割方法未考虑图像的空间信息，本文采用了一种结合空问信息的模糊C均值聚类分割算法；该方法将图像的二维直方图引入传统的模糊C均值聚类算法，并对隶属函数做了改进；依据平方误差和最小准则，来确定模糊分类矩阵及聚类中心；最后，依据最大隶属度原则，划分图像像素的类别归属；实验结果表明，结合空间信息的模糊C均值聚类分割方法对含噪图像有效，分割效果较好。另外，针对二维直方图模糊化处理时存在空问信息损失问题，而马尔可夫随机场(MRF)理论能准确描述图像像素Ⅻ的空间相互关系，本文采用了一种基于马尔可夫随机场的模糊c均值聚类图像分割方法，利用MRF理论所描述的邻域关系属性．以Gibbs能量的形式引入先验的邻域约束信息，建立了包含灰度信息与空问信息的聚类目标函数，依据平方误差和最小准则，束确定模糊分类矩阵及聚类中心：最后，依据最大隶属度原则，划分图像像素的类别归属，以改善传统FCM算法的分割质量；实验结果表明，该方法能准确有效地分割图像，且具有较强的抗噪能力。
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