STM32F103（Cubemx）驱动ST7789
STM32F103是意法半导体（STMicroelectronics）推出的一款基于ARM Cortex-M3内核的微控制器，属于STM32系列中的经典产品线。Cubemx（也称为STM32CubeMX）是ST公司提供的一个配置和代码生成工具，用于简化STM32微控制器的初始化设置。它允许用户通过图形化界面配置系统时钟、外设接口、中断等，并自动生成相应的初始化代码，大大减少了开发工作量。
ST7789是一款专为小型彩色液晶显示屏设计的驱动芯片，常用于触摸屏手机、电子书阅读器、智能家居设备等。它支持SPI或I2C通信协议，能够驱动分辨率为240x240或更高分辨率的TFT液晶屏幕。
驱动ST7789在STM32F103上通常涉及以下知识点：
1. **STM32CubeMX配置**：
- 需要在Cubemx中选择STM32F103系列的芯片型号，然后配置系统时钟，通常会使用HSE（外部高速时钟）或HSI（内部高速时钟）作为主时钟源。
- 接下来，配置GPIO端口，将它们设置为推挽输出模式，用于控制ST7789的控制信号线如CS（片选）、DC（数据/命令选择）、RST（复位）和WR（写使能）。
- 如果使用SPI接口，还需要配置SPI时钟、模式和MOSI、SCK、SS（SPI主设备的片选）引脚。
- 对于I2C接口，需要配置I2C时钟和相关GPIO端口（SDA和SCL）。
2. **ST7789初始化序列**：
- 初始化ST7789通常涉及一系列命令，如软复位、设置显示方向、设置像素格式、设置显示区、打开背光等。
- 每个命令都需要在DC引脚上切换高低电平来区分是数据还是指令，然后在WR引脚上进行写操作。
3. **SPI/I2C通信**：
- 使用STM32的SPI或I2C外设发送命令和数据到ST7789。SPI通信通常更快，而I2C则相对简单，但速度较慢。
- 在SPI模式下，使用SPI_SendData函数发送数据，注意处理SPI传输的结束条件。
- 在I2C模式下，使用HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit或HAL_I2C_Master_Receive函数进行主设备通信。
4. **LCD显示操作**：
- 一旦初始化完成，可以使用STM32的GPIO或DMA功能向ST7789发送像素数据，实现显示图像或文本。
- 对于240x240的屏幕，每次可能需要发送64KB的数据，因此效率和内存管理是关键。
5. **中断和定时器**：
- 可能需要使用中断来处理ST7789的某些事件，如背光控制或触摸屏输入。
- 定时器可用于刷新屏幕，确保图像稳定显示。
6. **代码组织**：
- 通常会创建一个LCD驱动库，包含初始化、发送命令、发送数据、显示图像等函数。
- 为了提高效率，可能还会实现缓冲区管理，预处理图像数据。
7. **调试与优化**：
- 使用STM32的调试接口（如SWD）连接到调试器，如JLink或STLink，以便在开发过程中查看和修改程序运行状态。
- 调试过程中，可能需要调整SPI/I2C的速度、GPIO的延迟、中断响应时间等，以达到最佳性能。
以上就是使用STM32F103（通过Cubemx）驱动ST7789液晶屏所需的主要知识点。实际项目中，开发者还需要根据具体的硬件平台和应用需求对这些知识点进行灵活运用和优化。提供的"demo"文件可能包含了实现这一功能的示例代码，供参考和学习。
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