network layers unicast, multicast, broadcast, anycast lan-wan-man internet - intranet - extranet
tcp/ip ifconfig ip dhclient hostname arp route ping ethtool wireshark tcpdump binding and bonding
ssh client and server scp sshd nfs iptables apache web server squid
dns server dhcp server iptables firewall router or firewall
packet forwarding packet filtering nat pat snat dnat Samba ping6
ipv4 mapped ipv6 address
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