Introduction to Communication Electronic Warfare Systems.pdf

Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Chapter 1 Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Information Warfare 1 1.3 Electronic Warfare 3 1.3.1 Electronic Support 3 1.3.2 Electronic Attack 4 1.3.3 Electronic Protect 4 1.4 Electronic Support 5 1.4.1 Low Probability of Detection/Interception/Exploitation 7 1.4.2 Future Communication Environments 8 1.4.3 Wired Communications 9 1.4.4 ES Summary 9 1.5 Electronic Attack 10 1.5.1 EA Summary 11 1.6 Typical EW System Configuration 11 1.6.1 System Control 11 1.6.2 Antennas 12 1.6.3 Signal Distribution 13 1.6.4 Search Receiver 13 1.6.5 Set-On Receiver 13 1.6.6 Signal Processing 14 1.6.7 Direction-Finding Signal Processing 14 1.6.8 Exciter 14 1.6.9 Power Amplifier 15 1.6.10 Filters 15 1.6.11 Communications 15 1.7 Concluding Remarks 16 References 16 Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Signal Propagation 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Signal Propagation 19 2.3 RF Band Designations 20 vi Introduction to Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 2.4 Polarization 22 2.5 Power Density 22 2.6 Free-Space Propagation 24 2.7 Direct Wave 27 2.8 Wave Diffraction 33 2.9 Reflected Waves 35 2.10 Surface Wave 40 2.11 Ducting 41 2.12 Meteor Burst 41 2.13 Scattering 42 2.14 Characteristics of the Mobile VHF Channel 43 2.15 Propagation Via the Ionosphere 46 2.15.1 Ionospheric Layers 46 2.15.2 Refraction 48 2.15.3 Near-Vertical Incidence Sky Wave 50 2.15.4 HF Fading 50 2.15.5 Maximum Usable Frequency and Lowest Usable Frequency 51 2.15.6 Automatic Link Establishment 52 2.16 Concluding Remarks 52 References 53 Chapter 3 Noise and Interference 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Thermal Noise 56 3.3 Internal Noise Sources 56 3.4 External Noise Sources 57 3.5 Cochannel and Multipath Interference 59 3.6 Concluding Remarks 60 References 60 Chapter 4 Radio Communication Technologies 61 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Modulation 63 4.2.1 Amplitude Modulation 65 4.2.2 Angle Modulation 67 4.2.3 Orthogonal Signaling 71 4.2.4 Access Methods 73 4.2.5 Duplexing 77 4