Spring MVC 员工管理系统
大部分Java应用都是Web应用，展现层是Web应用不可忽略的重要环节。Spring为展现层提供了一个优秀的Web框架——Spring MVC。和众多其它Web框架一样，它基于MVC设计理念，此外，由于它采用了松散耦合可插拔组件结构，具有比其它MVC框架更多的扩展性和灵活性。
Spring MVC框架围绕DispatcherServlet这个核心展开，DispatcherServlet的作用是截获请求并组织一系列组件共同完成请求的处理工作。
JavaServer Faces (JSF) 是一种用于构建 Web 应用程序的新标准 Java 框架。它提供了一种以组件为中心来开发 Java Web 用户界面的方法，从而简化了开发。JavaServer Faces 还引起了广大 Java/Web 开发人员的兴趣。“企业开发人员”和 Web 设计人员将发现 JSF 开发可以简单到只需将用户界面 (UI) 组件拖放到页面上，而“系统开发人员”将发现丰富而强健的 JSF API 为他们提供了无与伦比的功能和编程灵活性。JSF 还通过将良好构建的模型-视图-控制器 (MVC) 设计模式集成到它的体系结构中，确保了应用程序具有更高的可维护性。最后，由于 JSF 是通过 Java Community Process (JCP) 开发的一种 Java 标准，因此开发工具供应商完全能够为 JavaServer Faces 提供易于使用的、高效的可视化开发环境。
① 整个过程开始于客户端发送一个HTTP请求； ② DispatcherServlet接收这个请求后，并将请求的处理工作委托给具体的处理器（Handler），后者负责处理请求执行相应的业务逻辑。在这之前，DispatcherServlet必须能够凭借请求信息（URL或请求参数等）按照某种机制找到请求对应的处理器，DispatcherServlet是通过垂询HandlerMapping完成这一工作的； ③ 当DispatcherServlet从HandlerMapping中得到当前请求对应的处理器后，它就将请求分派给这个处理器。处理器根据请求的信息执行相应的业务逻辑，一个设计良好的处理器应该通过调用Service层的业务对象完成业务处理，而非自己越俎代庖。 Spring提供了丰富的处理器类型，在真正处理业务逻辑前，有些处理器会事先执行两项预处理工作： 1)将HttpServletRequest请求参数绑定到一个POJO对象中； 2)对绑定了请求参数的POJO对象进行数据合法性校验； ④ 处理器完成业务逻辑的处理后将返回一个ModelAndView给DispatcherServlet，ModelAndView包含了视图逻辑名和渲染视图时需要用到的模型数据对象； ⑤ 由于ModelAndView中包含的是视图逻辑名，DispatcherServlet必须知道这个逻辑名对应的真实视图对象，这项视图解析的工作通过调用ViewResolver来完成； ⑥ 当得到真实的视图对象后，DispatcherServlet将请求分派给这个View对象，由其完成Model数据的渲染工作； ⑦ 最终客户端得到返回的响应，这可能是一个普通的HTML页面，也可能是一个Excel电子表格、甚至是一个PDF文档等不一而足的视图形式，Spring的视图类型是异常丰富和灵活的。
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