WCF双工通信案例
**正文**
WCF（Windows Communication Foundation）是微软.NET框架中的一种高级通信技术，它提供了构建分布式应用程序的强大工具。在WCF中，双工通信是一种特殊的服务交互模式，允许服务和客户端之间的双向通信，就像电话对话一样，两者可以同时进行发言。这种模式与传统的请求-响应模式不同，后者只能由一方发起请求，另一方作出响应。
让我们深入理解WCF双工通信的关键步骤：
1. **服务器端定义接口**：在双工通信中，服务器端需要定义一个接口，这个接口包含服务想要调用的客户端方法。接口通常是使用`IServiceContract`接口标记的，定义在服务合同中，使用`OperationContract`属性来标记可调用的方法。
```csharp
[ServiceContract(CallbackContract = typeof(ICallback))]
public interface IDuplexService
{
[OperationContract]
void ServerMethod();
}
```
这里的`ICallback`就是回调接口，包含客户端实现的方法。
2. **服务器声明**：服务器需要实现这个接口，并配置为支持双工通信。这通常涉及到设置绑定以支持回调，例如使用`NetTcpBinding`，并启用`CallbackBehavior`特性。
```csharp
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single)]
public class DuplexServiceImpl : IDuplexService
{
public void ServerMethod()
{
// 调用客户端回调方法
((ICallback)OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel(typeof(ICallback))).ClientMethod();
}
}
```
3. **客户端实现接口**：客户端不仅需要创建一个代理类来调用服务，还需要实现服务器定义的回调接口。这样，当服务器调用回调方法时，客户端可以响应。
```csharp
class ClientCallback : ICallback
{
public void ClientMethod()
{
Console.WriteLine("客户端被服务调用了！");
}
}
```
4. **客户端传递实现对象**：在建立与服务的连接时，客户端需要提供一个实现了回调接口的对象实例。这样，WCF就能将这个对象传递给服务，让服务可以调用客户端的方法。
```csharp
var factory = new ChannelFactory("NetTcpBinding_IDuplexService");
IDuplexService serviceProxy = factory.CreateChannel(new InstanceContext(new ClientCallback()));
serviceProxy.ServerMethod();
```
5. **服务器调用客户端方法**：一旦服务有了客户端的回调对象，它就可以像调用本地对象一样调用客户端的方法。这样，服务和客户端之间就可以进行双向通信了。
以上所述是WCF双工通信的基本工作原理。在实际应用中，可能还需要处理会话管理、错误处理、安全性等复杂问题。文件列表中的`WcfServiceLibrary2.sln`可能是服务端项目解决方案，`ConsoleApplication1`可能是客户端项目，而其他文件可能是开发过程中生成的日志或备份文件。
总结，WCF双工通信是实现双向通信的重要机制，它扩展了服务的能力，使服务能够主动向客户端推送数据，这对于实时应用，如聊天程序或股票报价系统等，是非常重要的。理解和掌握WCF双工通信的概念和实施细节对于.NET开发者来说是提升技能的重要环节。
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