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定点补码一位乘法器的设计.rar

上传者： u012429555 | 上传时间： 2021-06-17 09:54:44 | 文件大小： 252KB | 文件类型： RAR
（1）用[X]补×[Y]补直接求[X×Y]补 讨论当相乘的两个数中有一个或二个为负数的情况，在讨论补码乘法运算时，对被乘数或部分积的处理上与原码乘法有某些类似，差别仅表现在被乘数和部分积的符号位要和数值一起参加运算。 若[Y]补=Y0Y1Y2…Yn 当Y0为1时，则有Y=－1＋Yi×2-i 故有 X×Y=X×Yi×2-1－X当Y为负值时，用补码乘计算[X×Y]补，是用[X]补乘上[Y]补的数值位，而不理[Y]补符号位上的1，乘完之后，在所得的乘积中再减X，即加－[X]补。实现补码乘法的另一个方案是比较法，是由BOOTH最早提出的，这一方法的出发点是避免区分乘数符号的正负，而且让乘数符号位也参加运算。技巧上表现在分解乘数的每一位上的1为高一位的一个+1和本位上的一个-1：X×Y=X×（－1＋Yi×2i） （逐项展开则得）=X×[－Y0＋Y1×2-1＋Y2×2-2＋…＋Yn×2-n]=X×[－Y0＋(Y1－Y1×2-1)＋(Y2×2-1－Y2×2-2)＋…＋(Yn×2-(n-1)－Yn×2-n)]（合并相同幂次项得） =X×[(Y1－Y0)＋(Y2－Y1) ×2-1＋…＋(Yn－Yn-1) ×2-(n-1)＋(0－Yn) ×2-n]=X×（Yi+1－Yi）×2-i（写成累加求和的形式，得到实现补码乘运算的算法）将上述公式展开，则每一次的部分积为： P1=[2-1(Yn+1－Yn) ×X]补 P2=[2-1(P1＋(Yn－Yn-1) ×X)]补 … Pi=[2-1(Pn-i＋(Yn-I+2－Yn-I+1) ×X)]补 … Pn=[2-1(Pn-1＋(Y2－Y1) ×X)]补 Pn+1=[ (Pn＋(Y1－Y0) ×X)]补 则最终补码乘积为[X*Y]补=[Pn+1]补 由上述公式可以看出，比较法是用乘数中每相邻的两位判断如何求得每次的相加数。每两位Yi和Yi+1的取值有00，01，10，11四种组合，则它们的差值分别为0，1，-1和0，非最后一次的部分积，分别为上一次部分积的1/2（右移一位）的值Rj，Rj＋[X]补，Rj－[X]补（即Rj＋[－X]补）和Rj，但一定要注意：最后一次求出的部分积即为最终乘积，不执行右移操作。用此法计算乘积，需要乘数寄存器的最低一位之后再补充一位Yn+1，并使其初值为0，再增加对Yn和Yn+1两位进行译码的线路，以区分出Yn+1－Yn 4种不同的差值。对N位的数（不含符号位）相乘，要计算N+1次部分积，并且不对最后一次部分积执行右移操作。此时的加法器最好采用双符号位方案。

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