C99标准.pdf

C99标准文档 Foreword ............................. xi Introduction ............................ xiv 1. Scope ............................. 1 2. Normative references ....................... 2 3. Terms, definitions, and symbols ................... 3 4. Conformance .......................... 7 5. Environment .......................... 9 5.1 Conceptual models ..................... 9 5.1.1 Translation environment ................ 9 5.1.2 Execution environments ................ 11 5.2 Environmental considerations ................. 17 5.2.1 Character sets .................... 17 5.2.2 Character display semantics .............. 19 5.2.3 Signals and interrupts ................. 20 5.2.4 Environmental limits ................. 20 6. Language ............................ 29 6.1 Notation .......................... 29 6.2 Concepts ......................... 29 6.2.1 Scopes of identifiers ................. 29 6.2.2 Linkages of identifiers ................. 30 6.2.3 Name spaces of identifiers ............... 31 6.2.4 Storage durations of objects .............. 32 6.2.5 Types ....................... 33 6.2.6 Representations of types ................ 37 6.2.7 Compatible type and composite type ........... 40 6.3 Conversions ........................ 42 6.3.1 Arithmetic operands ................. 42 6.3.2 Other operands ................... 46 6.4 Lexical elements ...................... 49 6.4.1 Keywords ...................... 50 6.4.2 Identifiers ...................... 51 6.4.3 Universal character names ............... 53 6.4.4 Constants ...................... 54 6.4.5 String literals .................... 62 6.4.6 Punctuators ..................... 63 6.4.7 Header names .................... 64 6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers ................ 65 6.4.9 Comments ..................... 66 6.5 Expressions ........................ 67 ... ... ... 7.22 Type-generic math ............... 334 7.23 Date and time .................. 337 7.23.1 Components of time ................. 337 7.23.2