linux操作系统基础教程

目 录 第1 章 Linux 基础及安装 ···················· ························ ······················· ························ ·················· 1 1.1 Linux 基础知识 ······················· ······················· ························ ······················· ··················· 1 1.2 Linux 对硬件的要求 ························ ························································· ······················· 5 1.3 Red Hat Linux系统安装 ···························· ···························· ························ ·················· 7 1.3.1 硬盘分区··························· ························ ······················· ························ ·················· 7 1.3.2 Red Hat Linux 安装过程 ···················································· ························ ·················· 9 1.4 LILO 的配置和使用············································ ························ ······················· ············ 19 1.4.1 LILO简介 ····················································· ························ ······················· ············ 19 1.4.2 配置 LILO····················································· ························ ······················· ············ 19 1.4.3 卸载 LILO····················································· ························ ······················· ············ 21 小结 ··························· ························································· ························ ··················· ··········· 21 习题 ··························· ························································· ························ ··················· ··········· 21 第2 章 常用 Linux 命令 ···························· ······················· ························ ······················· ············ 22 2.1 系统安全性 ·················································································· ······················· ············ 22 2.1.1 注册和退出系统 ············································ ························ ······················· ············ 22 2.1.2 修改口令··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 25 2.1.3 良好的保密习惯 ············································ ························ ······················· ············ 25 2.2 命令的使用 ·················································································· ······················· ············ 26 2.2.1 bash 简介 ·························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 26 2.2.2 命令格式··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 27 2.2.3 键入命令··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 27 2.2.4 修改命令行输入错误 ···························· ···························· ···························· ············ 27 2.2.5 特殊字符··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 28 2.3 文件操作命令·························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 28 2.3.1 文件系统概念················································ ························ ······················· ············ 28 2.3.2 文件显示命令················································ ························ ······················· ············ 30 2.3.3 匹配、排序命令 ············································ ························ ······················· ············ 34 2.3.4 比较文件内容的命令 ···························· ···························· ···························· ············ 37 2.3.5 复制、删除和移动文件的命令························ ························ ······················· ············ 39 2.3.6 文件内容统计命令··························· ···························· ···························· ················· 40 2.4 目录及其操作命令······················· ······················· ························ ······················· ············ 41 2.4.1 目录结构··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 41 2.4.2 创建和删除目录的命令····················································· ···························· ············ 43 II 2.4.3 改变工作目录和显示目录内容命令······················ ························ ······················· ······· 43 2.4.4 链接文件的命令 ············································ ························ ······················· ············ 45 2.4.5 改变文件或目录存取权限的命令 ···················· ························ ······················· ············ 46 2.4.6 改变用户组和文件主的命令 ··························· ························ ······················· ············ 47 2.5 文件压缩命令·························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 48 2.6 联机帮助命令·························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 49 2.7 进程控制命令·························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 52 2.7.1 查看系统的进程 ············································ ························ ······················· ············ 52 2.7.2 进程控制··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 53 2.8 网络命令 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 53 2.9 其他命令 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 57 小结 ··························· ························································· ························ ··················· ··········· 59 习题 ··························· ························································· ························ ··················· ··········· 60 第3 章 vi 编辑器 ·························· ···························· ···························· ···························· ············ 61 3.1 vi 的工作方式·························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 61 3.1.1 命令方式··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 61 3.1.2 输入方式··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 61 3.1.3 ex 转义方式···························· ······················· ························ ······················· ············ 62 3.2 vi 的启动和退出··························· ······················· ························ ······················· ············ 63 3.2.1 启动 vi ·················································································· ······················· ············ 63 3.2.2 退出 vi ·················································································· ······················· ············ 64 3.3 文本输入 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 64 3.3.1 插入命令··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 64 3.3.2 附加命令··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 65 3.3.3 打开命令··························· ···························· ························ ······················· ············ 65 3.3.4 输入方式下光标移动 ···························· ···························· ···························· ············ 66 3.4 打开文件 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 67 3.4.1 打开一个文件················································ ························ ······················· ············ 67 3.4.2 打开多个文件················································ ························ ······················· ············ 68 3.4.3 用vi 打开多个窗口 ·························· ···························· ············································· 70 3.5 保存文件 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 70 3.6 移动光标 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 71 3.7 文本修改 ························ ························································· ···························· ············ 72 3.7.1 删除与替换 ···························· ······················· ························ ······················· ············ 72 3.7.2 查找 ···························· ···························· ···················································· ············ 74 3.7.3 复制、粘贴、剪切··························· ···························· ···························· ················· 75 3.7.4 重复 ···························· ···························· ···················································· ············ 76 3.7.5 撤销 ···························· ···························· ···················································· ············ 76 3.8 ex命令 ···························· ···························· ···························· ···························· ············ 77