Android_Camera_Demo
在Android平台上，相机功能是应用开发中不可或缺的一部分。Android Camera Demo是用于展示如何在Android设备上使用摄像头功能的示例代码。这篇博客文章（http://blog.csdn.net/amoscxy/article/details/79117522）详细介绍了Android Camera API的基础知识，并提供了一个名为"CameraDemo"的实现示例。以下是对这个Demo及其相关知识点的深入解析：
1. **Android Camera API**: Android提供了两种方式来访问和控制相机：Camera API1和Camera2 API。Camera API1是早期版本中的接口，而Camera2 API是自Android 5.0（Lollipop）引入的，提供了更高级别的控制和更好的性能。CameraDemo可能使用了其中的一种或两种API。
2. **初始化Camera**: 在Android中，要使用相机，首先需要通过`Camera.open(int cameraId)`方法打开相机，其中cameraId表示你要使用的相机编号（通常有后置和前置两个）。
3. **设置预览Surface**: 为了显示相机预览，你需要创建一个SurfaceView或者TextureView，并将其Surface传递给Camera对象。这一步涉及`setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder holder)`方法。
4. **配置参数**: 使用`Camera.Parameters`对象可以调整相机设置，如分辨率、焦距、曝光补偿等。`setPictureSize()`用于设置拍照时的图片大小，`setPreviewSize()`设置预览大小。
5. **开始预览**: 调用`startPreview()`方法启动相机预览，用户可以在屏幕上看到实时画面。
6. **拍照**: 拍照可以通过调用`takePicture(Camera.ShutterCallback, Camera.PictureCallback, Camera.PictureCallback, Camera.PictureCallback)`方法实现。其中的回调函数会在拍照的不同阶段被触发。
7. **处理照片**: `PictureCallback`接口的`onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera)`方法会在照片拍摄完成后被调用，你可以在这里处理图片数据，比如保存到本地或进行图像处理。
8. **释放资源**: 当不再使用相机时，必须调用`release()`方法释放资源，防止内存泄漏。
9. **Camera2 API的扩展**: 如果CameraDemo使用了Camera2 API，那么会涉及到更多的配置和控制，如CaptureRequest.Builder、CaptureSession等概念。Camera2 API允许更精细的控制，例如设置HDR、手动对焦、ISO等。
10. **权限管理**: 自Android 6.0（Marshmallow）起，运行时权限管理变得重要。在使用相机前，应用需要请求用户授予`Manifest.permission.CAMERA`权限。
11. **处理设备方向变化**: 当设备旋转时，可能需要重新设置预览的尺寸和方向。可以监听`SensorManager`的传感器事件或重写`onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)`来适配。
12. **多摄像头支持**: 高级设备可能拥有多个摄像头，Camera API2提供了方便的方法来选择和切换不同的摄像头。
13. **闪光灯控制**: 可以通过`Parameters.setFlashMode(String mode)`或Camera2 API的`Control.AEFlashMode`来控制相机的闪光灯。
14. **对焦模式**: 可以设置不同的对焦模式，如自动对焦、连续对焦、固定焦距等，通过`Parameters.setFocusMode(String mode)`或Camera2 API的`FocusRegion`。
15. **视频录制**: 如果CameraDemo包含视频录制功能，会涉及到`MediaRecorder`类，需要配置编码格式、输出文件路径、音频和视频源等。
Android Camera Demo涵盖了Android应用开发中与相机交互的基本步骤和重要知识点，为开发者提供了实践和学习的平台。通过这个Demo，开发者可以了解如何在实际项目中实现相机功能，包括预览、拍照、设置参数以及处理图像数据等。
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