Single-mode, long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in the near- to mid-infrared covering the wavelength range from 1.3 to 2.3 \mum are presented. This wide spectral emission range opens applications in gas sensing and optical interconnects. All these lasers are monolithically grown in the InGaAlAs-InP material system utilizing a buried tunnel junction (BTJ) as current aperture. Fabricated with a novel high-speed design with reduced parasitics, bandwidths in excess of 1

本文以Tanabe-Sugano矩阵为基础,通过分析和计算发现,~4Υ_2和~2E零声子线之间的间隔△与参数D_q、B、C和△E_(?)(斯托克斯频移)之间有简单的线性关系.举例说明了此关系式的应用,并对P.T.Kenyon晶场强度判据作了推导,指出了其在应用上的局限性.