Explore the fundamentals of COM1 (Communication Port 1) with this comprehensive guide. Learn how to interface with legacy serial devices, configure COM1 settings, and troubleshoot common issues. Whether you're a beginner in serial communication or looking to expand your knowledge, this resource covers: Introduction to Serial Communication: Understand the basics of RS-232 communication and the role of COM1. Setting Up COM1: Step-by-step instructions on configuring COM1 ports in BIOS

《理解Linux内核》是深入探讨Linux操作系统内部工作原理的权威书籍。本书第三版对Linux内核中最为关键的数据结构、算法以及编程技巧进行了深入讲解。作者丹尼尔·P·博韦（Daniel P. Bovet）和马可·切萨蒂（Marco Cesati）通过细致的分析，提供了一种深入了解操作系统如何在各种系统中运行的方式，以及为什么它能够如此高效运行。 书中强调了内核作为操作系统核心部分的重要性，它负责管理CPU与外部世界之间的所有交互，并决定哪些程序将共享处理器时间以及执行顺序。Linux内核对有限的内存资源进行高效管理，使得数百个进程能够协同工作而不互相干扰，这得益于其精心设计的内存管理技术。此外，内核还通过精心组织数据传输，确保CPU不会因等待相对缓慢的磁盘而闲置时间过长。 在数据结构方面，本书详细介绍了Linux内核中使用的各种重要数据结构，如进程控制块（PCB）、内存描述符等。这些数据结构对于理解内核如何跟踪和管理系统资源、进程状态等至关重要。例如，进程控制块包含进程的所有关键信息，包括程序计数器、寄存器集合、内存管理信息、会计信息以及进程状态等。 在算法方面，作者探讨了Linux内核中使用的各种算法，如调度算法、内存管理算法、文件系统算法等。这些算法在保证系统高效、稳定运行中扮演着核心角色。例如，Linux采用的调度算法负责在多任务环境中公平地分配CPU时间，它必须在满足实时性要求和最大化CPU利用率之间找到平衡点。 编程技巧部分着重说明了内核开发者在编写内核代码时所采用的多种技巧和模式。这些技巧有助于编写出既高效又可靠的代码，同时也为读者提供了深入理解内核编程思维和方式的机会。 书中还特别关注了Intel架构下Linux内核的特定特性，这包括了对x86架构硬件特性的深入探讨，如内存管理、中断处理等。对这些硬件特性的深入理解有助于编写出更适应硬件的内核代码。 作者还通过逐行解剖相关代码段，让读者能够更好地理解内核的实现机制。这种方式不但加深了读者对内核代码结构的认识，也提供了实际编程中可能遇到问题的解决方案。 尽管本书主要讨论的是Linux内核，但其内容远远超出了Linux本身，它为任何对操作系统核心感兴趣的读者提供了宝贵的知识。这本书不仅适合那些想要深入了解Linux操作系统内部工作原理的读者，也适合对操作系统理论感兴趣的计算机科学学生和研究者。 书中使用丰富的实例、详尽的解释和图表，帮助读者更好地理解复杂的概念。特别是对于系统编程者、系统架构师以及任何对操作系统内核设计和实现有兴趣的人来说，第三版的《理解Linux内核》是一本不可或缺的参考书。 总结来说，《理解Linux内核》第三版是一本全面、深入介绍Linux内核设计、实现原理的书籍，它通过细致的讲解、实例分析和代码解析，让读者能够从理论到实践，全面理解Linux内核的奥秘，是操作系统和Linux内核开发领域的重要文献。

Linux Kernel 四库全书之一，英文高清版本

经典linux网络应用，在美国很流行的一本教材。

汽车电子学原版书籍，内容包含车用传感器与执行器、车载控制系统、诊断等内容，值得一看。

The LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced are among the latest mobile communications standards, designed to realize the dream of a truly global, fast, all-IP-based, secure broadband mobile access technology. This book examines the Physical Layer (PHY) of the LTE standards by incorporating three conceptual elements: an overview of the theory behind key enabling technologies; a concise discussion regarding standard specifications; and the MATLAB algorithms needed to simulate the standard. The use of MATLAB, a widely used technical computing language, is one of the distinguishing features of this book. Through a series of MATLAB programs, the author explores each of the enabling technologies, pedagogically synthesizes an LTE PHY system model, and evaluates system performance at each stage. Following this step-by-step process, readers will achieve deeper understanding of LTE concepts and specifications through simulations

语义分割 用SegNet进行室内语义分割。 依赖 数据集 按照 下载 SUN RGB-D 数据集，放在 data 目录内。 $ wget http://3dvision.princeton.edu/projects/2015/SUNrgbd/data/SUNRGBD.zip $ wget http://3dvision.princeton.edu/projects/2015/SUNrgbd/data/SUNRGBDtoolbox.zip 架构 ImageNet 预训练模型 下载 放在 models 目录内。 用法 数据预处理 该数据集包含SUNRGBD V1的10335个RGBD图像，执行下述命令提取训练图像： $ python pre-process.py 像素分布： 数据集增强 图片 分割 图片 分割 训练 $ python train.py 如果想可视化训练过程，可执行： $ t

插槽填充 使用RNN和ATIS数据进行插槽填充。 要求 Python3.6 火炬进度条 数据集 航空旅行信息系统（ATIS）数据集。 这是一个示例句子及其来自数据集的标签： 表演 航班 从 波斯顿 至 新的 约克 今天 Ø Ø Ø B部门 Ø B-arr - B日期 结果 双GRU 精确 记起 F1 动车组 99.77 99.83 99.8 测试集 94.78 94.75 94.76

详细分析FFT和加窗的用处。详细分析FFT和加窗的用处。Understanding FFTs and Windowing。

1 Introduction 19 1.1 What Is Learning? 19 1.2 When Do We Need Machine Learning? 21 1.3 Types of Learning 22 1.4 Relations to Other Fields 24 1.5 How to Read This Book 25 1.5.1 Possible Course Plans Based on This Book 26 1.6 Notation 27 Part I Foundations 31 2 A Gentle Start 33 2.1 A Formal Model { The Statistical Learning Framework 33 2.2 Empirical Risk Minimization 35 2.2.1 Something May Go Wrong { Overtting 35 2.3 Empirical Risk Minimization with Inductive Bias 36 2.3.1 Finite Hypothesis Classes 37 2.4 Exercises 41 3 A Formal Learning Model 43 3.1 PAC Learning 43 3.2 A More General Learning Model 44 3.2.1 Releasing the Realizability Assumption { Agnostic PAC Learning 45 3.2.2 The Scope of Learning Problems Modeled 47 3.3 Summary 49 3.4 Bibliographic Remarks 50 3.5 Exercises 50 4 Learning via Uniform Convergence 54 4.1 Uniform Convergence Is Sucient for Learnability 54 4.2 Finite Classes Are Agnostic PAC Learnable 55 Understanding Machine Learning, c 2014 by Shai Shalev-Shwartz and Shai Ben-David Published 2014 by Cambridge University Press. Personal use only. Not for distribution. Do not post. Please link to http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~shais/UnderstandingMachineLearning x Contents 4.3 Summary 58 4.4 Bibliographic Remarks 58 4.5 Exercises 58 5 The Bias-Complexity Tradeo 60 5.1 The No-Free-Lunch Theorem 61 5.1.1 No-Free-Lunch and Prior Knowledge 63 5.2 Error Decomposition 64 5.3 Summary 65 5.4 Bibliographic Remarks 66 5.5 Exercises 66 6 The VC-Dimension 67 6.1 Innite-Size Classes Can Be Learnable 67 6.2 The VC-Dimension 68 6.3 Examples 70 6.3.1 Threshold Functions 70 6.3.2 Intervals 71 6.3.3 Axis Aligned Rectangles 71 6.3.4 Finite Classes 72 6.3.5 VC-Dimension and the Number of Parameters 72 6.4 The Fundamental Theorem of PAC learning 72 6.5 Proof of Theorem 6.7 73 6.5.1 Sauer's Lemma and the Growth Function 73 6.5.2 Uniform Convergence for Classes of Small Eective Size 75 6.6 Summary 78 6.7 Bibliographic remarks 78 6.8 Exercises 78 7 Nonuniform Learnability 83 7.1 Nonuniform Learnability 83 7.1.1 Characterizing Nonuniform Learnability 84 7.2 Structural Risk Minimization 85 7.3 Minimum Description Length and Occam's Razor 89 7.3.1 Occam's Razor 91 7.4 Other Notions of Learnability { Consistency 92 7.5 Discussing the Dierent Notions of Learnability 93 7.5.1 The No-Free-Lunch Theorem Revisited 95 7.6 Summary 96 7.7 Bibliographic Remarks 97 7.8 Exercises 97 8 The Runtime of Learning 100 8.1 Computational Complexity of Learning 101 Contents xi 8.1.1 Formal Denition* 102 8.2 Implementing the ERM Rule 103 8.2.1 Finite Classes 104 8.2.2 Axis Aligned Rectangles 105 8.2.3 Boolean Conjunctions 106 8.2.4 Learning 3-Term DNF 107 8.3 Eciently Learnable, but Not by a Proper ERM 107 8.4 Hardness of Learning* 108 8.5 Summary 110 8.6 Bibliographic Remarks 110 8.7 Exercises 110 Part II From Theory to Algorithms 115 9 Linear Predictors 117 9.1 Halfspaces 118 9.1.1 Linear Programming for the Class of Halfspaces 119 9.1.2 Perceptron for Halfspaces 120 9.1.3 The VC Dimension of Halfspaces 122 9.2 Linear Regression 123 9.2.1 Least Squares 124 9.2.2 Linear Regression for Polynomial Regression Tasks 125 9.3 Logistic Regression 126 9.4 Summary 128 9.5 Bibliographic Remarks 128 9.6 Exercises 128 10 Boosting 130 10.1 Weak Learnability 131 10.1.1 Ecient Implementation of ERM for Decision Stumps 133 10.2 AdaBoost 134 10.3 Linear Combinations of Base Hypotheses 137 10.3.1 The VC-Dimension of L(B; T) 139 10.4 AdaBoost for Face Recognition 140 10.5 Summary 141 10.6 Bibliographic Remarks 141 10.7 Exercises 142 11 Model Selection and Validation 144 11.1 Model Selection Using SRM 145 11.2 Validation 146 11.2.1 Hold Out Set 146 11.2.2 Validation for Model Selection 147 11.2.3 The Model-Selection Curve 148 xii Contents 11.2.4 k-Fold Cross Validation 149 11.2.5 Train-Validation-Test Split 150 11.3 What to Do If Learning Fails 151 11.4 Summary 154 11.5 Exercises 154 12 Convex Learning Problems 156 12.1 Convexity, Lipschitzness, and Smoothness 156 12.1.1 Convexity 156 12.1.2 Lipschitzness 160 12.1.3 Smoothness 162 12.2 Convex Learning Problems 163 12.2.1 Learnability of Convex Learning Problems 164 12.2.2 Convex-Lipschitz/Smooth-Bounded Learning Problems 166 12.3 Surrogate Loss Functions 167 12.4 Summary 168 12.5 Bibliographic Remarks 169 12.6 Exercises 169 13 Regularization and Stability 171 13.1 Regularized Loss Minimization 171 13.1.1 Ridge Regression 172 13.2 Stable Rules Do Not Overt 173 13.3 Tikhonov Regularization as a Stabilizer 174 13.3.1 Lipschitz Loss 176 13.3.2 Smooth and Nonnegative Loss 177 13.4 Controlling the Fitting-Stability Tradeo 178 13.5 Summary 180 13.6 Bibliographic Remarks 180 13.7 Exercises 181 14 Stochastic Gradient Descent 184 14.1 Gradient Descent 185 14.1.1 Analysis of GD for Convex-Lipschitz Functions 186 14.2 Subgradients 188 14.2.1 Calculating Subgradients 189 14.2.2 Subgradients of Lipschitz Functions 190 14.2.3 Subgradient Descent 190 14.3 Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) 191 14.3.1 Analysis of SGD for Convex-Lipschitz-Bounded Functions 191 14.4 Variants 193 14.4.1 Adding a Projection Step 193 14.4.2 Variable Step Size 194 14.4.3 Other Averaging Techniques 195 Contents xiii 14.4.4 Strongly Convex Functions* 195 14.5 Learning with SGD 196 14.5.1 SGD for Risk Minimization 196 14.5.2 Analyzing SGD for Convex-Smooth Learning Problems 198 14.5.3 SGD for Regularized Loss Minimization 199 14.6 Summary 200 14.7 Bibliographic Remarks 200 14.8 Exercises 201 15 Support Vector Machines 202 15.1 Margin and Hard-SVM 202 15.1.1 The Homogenous Case 205 15.1.2 The Sample Complexity of Hard-SVM 205 15.2 Soft-SVM and Norm Regularization 206 15.2.1 The Sample Complexity of Soft-SVM 208 15.2.2 Margin and Norm-Based Bounds versus Dimension 208 15.2.3 The Ramp Loss* 209 15.3 Optimality Conditions and \Support Vectors"* 210 15.4 Duality* 211 15.5 Implementing Soft-SVM Using SGD 212 15.6 Summary 213 15.7 Bibliographic Remarks 213 15.8 Exercises 214 16 Kernel Methods 215 16.1 Embeddings into Feature Spaces 215 16.2 The Kernel Trick 217 16.2.1 Kernels as a Way to Express Prior Knowledge 221 16.2.2 Characterizing Kernel Functions* 222 16.3 Implementing Soft-SVM with Kernels 222 16.4 Summary 224 16.5 Bibliographic Remarks 225 16.6 Exercises 225 17 Multiclass, Ranking, and Complex Prediction Problems 227 17.1 One-versus-All and All-Pairs 227 17.2 Linear Multiclass Predictors 230 17.2.1 How to Construct 230 17.2.2 Cost-Sensitive Classication 232 17.2.3 ERM 232 17.2.4 Generalized Hinge Loss 233 17.2.5 Multiclass SVM and SGD 234 17.3 Structured Output Prediction 236 17.4 Ranking 238 xiv Contents 17.4.1 Linear Predictors for Ranking 240 17.5 Bipartite Ranking and Multivariate Performance Measures 243 17.5.1 Linear Predictors for Bipartite Ranking 245 17.6 Summary 247 17.7 Bibliographic Remarks 247 17.8 Exercises 248 18 Decision Trees 250 18.1 Sample Complexity 251 18.2 Decision Tree Algorithms 252 18.2.1 Implementations of the Gain Measure 253 18.2.2 Pruning 254 18.2.3 Threshold-Based Splitting Rules for Real-Valued Features 255 18.3 Random Forests 255 18.4 Summary 256 18.5 Bibliographic Remarks 256 18.6 Exercises 256 19 Nearest Neighbor 258 19.1 k Nearest Neighbors 258 19.2 Analysis 259 19.2.1 A Generalization Bound for the 1-NN Rule 260 19.2.2 The \Curse of Dimensionality" 263 19.3 Ecient Implementation* 264 19.4 Summary 264 19.5 Bibliographic Remarks 264 19.6 Exercises 265 20 Neural Networks 268 20.1 Feedforward Neural Networks 269 20.2 Learning Neural Networks 270 20.3 The Expressive Power of Neural Networks 271 20.3.1 Geometric Intuition 273 20.4 The Sample Complexity of Neural Networks 274 20.5 The Runtime of Learning Neural Networks 276 20.6 SGD and Backpropagation 277 20.7 Summary 281 20.8 Bibliographic Remarks 281 20.9 Exercises 282 Part III Additional Learning Models 285 21 Online Learning 287 21.1 Online Classication in the Realizable Case 288 Contents xv 21.1.1 Online Learnability 290 21.2 Online Classication in the Unrealizable Case 294 21.2.1 Weighted-Majority 295 21.3 Online Convex Optimization 300 21.4 The Online Perceptron Algorithm 301 21.5 Summary 304 21.6 Bibliographic Remarks 305 21.7 Exercises 305 22 Clustering 307 22.1 Linkage-Based Clustering Algorithms 310 22.2 k-Means and Other Cost Minimization Clusterings 311 22.2.1 The k-Means Algorithm 313 22.3 Spectral Clustering 315 22.3.1 Graph Cut 315 22.3.2 Graph Laplacian and Relaxed Graph Cuts 315 22.3.3 Unnormalized Spectral Clustering 317 22.4 Information Bottleneck* 317 22.5 A High Level View of Clustering 318 22.6 Summary 320 22.7 Bibliographic Remarks 320 22.8 Exercises 320 23 Dimensionality Reduction 323 23.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 324 23.1.1 A More Ecient Solution for the Case d m 326 23.1.2 Implementation and Demonstration 326 23.2 Random Projections 329 23.3 Compressed Sensing 330 23.3.1 Proofs* 333 23.4 PCA or Compressed Sensing? 338 23.5 Summary 338 23.6 Bibliographic Remarks 339 23.7 Exercises 339 24 Generative Models 342 24.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimator 343 24.1.1 Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Continuous Random Variables 344 24.1.2 Maximum Likelihood and Empirical Risk Minimization 345 24.1.3 Generalization Analysis 345 24.2 Naive Bayes 347 24.3 Linear Discriminant Analysis 347 24.4 Latent Variables and the EM Algorithm 348 xvi Contents 24.4.1 EM as an Alternate Maximization Algorithm 350 24.4.2 EM for Mixture of Gaussians (Soft k-Means) 352 24.5 Bayesian Reasoning 353 24.6 Summary 355 24.7 Bibliographic Remarks 355 24.8 Exercises 356 25 Feature Selection and Generation 357 25.1 Feature Selection 358 25.1.1 Filters 359 25.1.2 Greedy Selection Approaches 360 25.1.3 Sparsity-Inducing Norms 363 25.2 Feature Manipulation and Normalization 365 25.2.1 Examples of Feature Transformations 367 25.3 Feature Learning 368 25.3.1 Dictionary Learning Using Auto-Encoders 368 25.4 Summary 370 25.5 Bibliographic Remarks 371 25.6 Exercises 371 Part IV Advanced Theory 373 26 Rademacher Complexities 375 26.1 The Rademacher Complexity 375 26.1.1 Rademacher Calculus 379 26.2 Rademacher Complexity of Linear Classes 382 26.3 Generalization Bounds for SVM 383 26.4 Generalization Bounds for Predictors with Low `1 Norm 386 26.5 Bibliographic Remarks 386 27 Covering Numbers 388 27.1 Covering 388 27.1.1 Properties 388 27.2 From Covering to Rademacher Complexity via Chaining 389 27.3 Bibliographic Remarks 391 28 Proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Learning Theory 392 28.1 The Upper Bound for the Agnostic Case 392 28.2 The Lower Bound for the Agnostic Case 393 28.2.1 Showing That m(; ) 0:5 log(1=(4))=2 393 28.2.2 Showing That m(; 1=8) 8d=2 395 28.3 The Upper Bound for the Realizable Case 398 28.3.1 From -Nets to PAC Learnability 401 Contents xvii 29 Multiclass Learnability 402 29.1 The Natarajan Dimension 402 29.2 The Multiclass Fundamental Theorem 403 29.2.1 On the Proof of Theorem 29.3 403 29.3 Calculating the Natarajan Dimension 404 29.3.1 One-versus-All Based Classes 404 29.3.2 General Multiclass-to-Binary Reductions 405 29.3.3 Linear Multiclass Predictors 405 29.4 On Good and Bad ERMs 406 29.5 Bibliographic Remarks 408 29.6 Exercises 409 30 Compression Bounds 410 30.1 Compression Bounds 410 30.2 Examples 412 30.2.1 Axis Aligned Rectangles 412 30.2.2 Halfspaces 412 30.2.3 Separating Polynomials 413 30.2.4 Separation with Margin 414 30.3 Bibliographic Remarks 414 31 PAC-Bayes 415 31.1 PAC-Bayes Bounds 415 31.2 Bibliographic Remarks 417 31.3 Exercises 417 Appendix A Technical Lemmas 419 Appendix B Measure Concentration 422 Appendix C Linear Algebra 430 Notes 435